Elements Group 17, Fluorine family, halogens
Home    Elements   Group 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  L  A

The halogens are group 17 in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). The artificially created element 117 (tennessine, Ts) may also be a halogen. The symbol X is often used generically to refer to any halogen.

The name "halogen" means "salt-producing". When halogens react with metals they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common table salt), silver bromide and potassium iodide.

The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in all three main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure. All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from minerals or salts. The middle halogens, that is chlorine, bromine and iodine, are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants. Elemental halogens are dangerous and can potentially be lethally toxic.


G 17
9
F
17
Cl
35
Br
53
I
85
At
117
Ts
  
Fluorine F F₂
  highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas
  atomic numb 9
  atomic mass 18.998
  electron shell 2,7
  melt point −219.67°C
  boil point −188.11°C
  Stable isotopes only 19

Chlorine Cl Cl₂
  yellow-green extremely reactive gas
  atomic numb 17
  atomic mass 35.45
  electron shell 2,8,7
  melt point –101.5°C
  boil point −34.04°C
  Heat of fusion Cl₂: 6.406 kJ/mol
  Heat of vaporization Cl₂: 20.41 kJ/mol
  heat capacity Cl₂: 33.949 J/(mol·K)
  Stable isotopes 35,37

Bromine Br Br₂
  fuming red-brown liquid
  atomic numb 35
  atomic mass 79.904
  electron shell 2,8,18,7
  melt point −7.2°C
  boil point 58.8°C
  density liquid 3.1028 g/cm³
  Heat of fusion: 10.571 kJ/mol
  Heat of vaporization: 29.96 kJ/mol
  heat capacity: 75.69 J/(mol·K)
  Stable isotopes 79,81

  
Iodine I I₂
  purple-black metallic solid
  atomic numb 53
  atomic mass 126.9
  electron shell 2,8,18,18,2
  melt point 113.7°C
  boil point 184.3°C
  density 4.933 g/cm³
  Heat of fusion (I₂): 15.52 kJ/mol
  Heat of vapor (I₂): 41.57 kJ/mol
  heat capacity (I₂): 54.44  J/(mol·K)
  Stable isotopes 127

Astatine At 85 210 2,8,18,32,18,7

Tennessine Ts 117 294 2,8,18,32,32,18,7

Home

Area, Volume
Atomic Mass
Black Body Radiation
Boolean Algebra
Calculus
Capacitor
Center of Mass
Carnot Cycle
Charge
Chemistry
Circuits
Complex numbers
Constants
Curves
deciBell
Density
Electronics
Elements
Flow in fluids
Fourier's Law
Gases
Gravitation
Greek Alphabet
Horizon Distance
Interest
Magnetics
Math   Trig
Math, complex
Maxwell's Eq's
Motion
Newton's Laws
Octal/Hex Codes
Orbital Mechanics
Particles
Parts, Analog IC
  Digital IC   Discrete
Pendulum
Pressure
Prime Numbers
Questions
Radiation
Refraction
Relativistic Motion
Resistance, Resistivity
Rotation
Series
SI (metric) prefixes
Skin Effect
Specific Heat
Springs
Stellar magnitude
Thermal
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Thermodynamics
Trigonometry
Units, Conversions
Vectors
Volume, Area
Water
Wave Motion
Wire, Cu   Al   metric
Young's Modulus