Elements Group 15, Nitrogen family, pentels, pnictogens
In the field of semiconductor physics, it is still
usually called Group V. The "five" ("V") in the historical
names comes from the "pentavalency" of nitrogen, reflected
by the stoichiometry of compounds such as N2₂O₅. They have
also been called the pentels.
This group has the defining characteristic that all the
component elements have 5 electrons in their outermost
shell, that is 2 electrons in the s subshell and 3 unpaired
electrons in the p subshell. They are therefore 3 electrons
short of filling their outermost electron shell in their
non-ionized state.
The most important elements of this group are nitrogen
(N), which in its diatomic form is the principal component
of air, and phosphorus (P), which, like nitrogen, is
essential to all known forms of life.
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